5 Easy Steps: How to Connect Two 12V Batteries to Make 24V (with Diagram)

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24v battery connection diagram

Double the power, double the possibilities! Have you ever needed that extra voltage boost for a project or application? Perhaps you’re building a powerful off-grid system, working on an electric vehicle conversion, or simply need to power a device requiring 24 volts. Connecting two 12V batteries in series is a straightforward yet effective method to achieve this higher voltage. While seemingly simple, a proper understanding of the process is crucial to ensure safety and optimal battery performance. This guide will walk you through the precise steps required to connect your 12V batteries in series to create a 24V power source, unlocking the full potential of your projects. Furthermore, we’ll cover essential safety precautions and offer valuable tips for maintaining your battery setup, ensuring a long-lasting and reliable power solution.

Firstly, gather the necessary materials. You will need two 12V batteries of the same type and capacity (Ah rating) for optimal performance and lifespan. Using mismatched batteries can lead to imbalances and premature failure. Additionally, acquire appropriate battery cables with sufficient gauge to handle the current demands of your application. Thicker cables are recommended for higher current draw. Critically, you’ll need battery connectors appropriate for your cables and batteries. Specifically, you will be creating a positive-to-negative connection between the two batteries. Therefore, ensure you have connectors that allow for this type of linkage. A multimeter will be essential to verify the voltage of each battery individually and the final 24V output after the connection is made. Moreover, having safety glasses and insulated gloves on hand is paramount to protect yourself during the connection process. Finally, consider having some electrical tape available to secure and insulate exposed connections.

Now, let’s proceed with the connection process. To begin, ensure both batteries are fully charged. A balanced starting point is crucial for proper operation. Next, identify the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals on each battery. Subsequently, connect a cable from the positive (+) terminal of the first battery to the negative (-) terminal of the second battery. This crucial step links the batteries in series, effectively adding their voltages. Afterward, connect a cable to the remaining positive (+) terminal of the second battery; this will serve as the positive (+) terminal of your 24V system. Similarly, connect a cable to the negative (-) terminal of the first battery; this will become the negative (-) terminal of your 24V system. Finally, double-check all connections to ensure they are secure and properly insulated. Use the multimeter to verify the voltage between the newly created positive and negative terminals, confirming a 24V reading. Conclusively, by following these steps meticulously, you can safely and effectively create a 24V power source for your needs.

Understanding Battery Connections: Series vs. Parallel

When connecting multiple batteries, you have two fundamental options: series and parallel. Each method yields different results in terms of voltage and capacity, and understanding these differences is crucial for safely and effectively powering your project. Let’s break down each connection type:

Series Connections

Think of a series connection like adding links to a chain. You connect the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the next. This “chain” effectively increases the overall voltage while keeping the capacity the same. Imagine each battery as a little voltage pump; connecting them in series means each pump adds its pressure to the next, resulting in a higher overall pressure (voltage). If you connect two 12V batteries in series, the positive terminal of the first battery connects to the negative terminal of the second. The remaining unconnected terminals – the negative of the first and the positive of the second – become the new 24V output points of your combined battery source. This setup doubles the voltage to 24V but maintains the same Amp-hour (Ah) rating as a single battery.

A simple analogy for series connections is stacking multiple blocks on top of each other. Each block adds to the overall height (voltage), but the width (capacity) remains the same. Series connections are commonly used when you need a higher voltage than a single battery can provide, such as powering a 24V motor or appliance.

However, it’s vital to remember that in a series connection, the overall capacity remains limited by the capacity of the *weakest* battery in the chain. If one battery has a lower capacity than the others, it will discharge first, potentially becoming damaged and affecting the performance of the whole system. It’s therefore highly recommended to use batteries with identical specifications (voltage, capacity, chemistry, and ideally even age and usage history) when connecting them in series.

Another critical consideration is battery imbalance. Over time, individual batteries in a series may discharge unevenly, leading to performance issues and potential damage. This makes proper battery management systems crucial, especially in larger series strings.

Parallel Connections

Parallel connections are a different approach. Here, all the positive terminals are connected, and all the negative terminals are connected. This configuration keeps the voltage the same but increases the overall capacity (Amp-hours). Imagine several water tanks connected at the bottom; the water level (voltage) remains the same across all tanks, but the total amount of water (capacity) increases. Connecting two 12V batteries in parallel keeps the voltage at 12V but effectively doubles the Ah rating, providing a longer runtime.

This approach is useful when you need to power devices for an extended period or devices that draw a high current. Just like with series connections, it’s best practice to use batteries with the same specifications in a parallel setup for optimal performance and safety.

Comparing Series and Parallel Connections

Feature Series Parallel
Voltage Sum of individual battery voltages Same as individual battery voltage
Capacity (Ah) Same as the weakest battery Sum of individual battery capacities
Example (Two 12V batteries) 24V, Same Ah as single battery 12V, Double the Ah of a single battery

Gathering the Necessary Materials and Tools

Before you begin, it’s essential to gather all the necessary materials and tools. Having everything at hand will streamline the process and prevent unnecessary interruptions. This also ensures a safer working environment.

Essential Items

Here’s a breakdown of what you’ll absolutely need:

Batteries

Obviously, you’ll need two 12V batteries. Ensure they are the same type (e.g., both AGM, both flooded lead-acid) and, ideally, the same age and capacity (amp-hour rating). Using mismatched batteries can lead to inefficient charging and premature battery failure. A consistent setup ensures optimal performance and longevity.

Battery Cables

You’ll need two battery cables. These should be heavy-gauge wires designed for high current flow. The gauge of the wire will depend on the anticipated load. For most applications, 8 AWG or 6 AWG will be suitable. However, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and use a thicker wire gauge if you’re uncertain. Thicker wires minimize voltage drop and ensure efficient power delivery. When selecting your cables, check they are appropriately rated for the amperage your system will draw. Choose cables with a higher amperage rating than your expected maximum load to provide a safety margin. This prevents overheating and potential fire hazards. The length of the cables will depend on how far apart your batteries are placed, so measure beforehand. Remember to add a little extra length for easy connection. Red cables are typically used for positive connections, and black cables are used for negative connections. This color coding helps prevent accidental miswiring.

Connectors

You’ll need connectors to securely attach the cables to the battery terminals. The most common choices are ring terminals or battery clamps. Ring terminals offer a more permanent and secure connection. Battery clamps, on the other hand, are easier to attach and detach, providing greater flexibility. Make sure the connectors are compatible with the cable gauge and battery terminals. They should fit snugly and provide a good electrical connection. Poor connections can lead to voltage drop, overheating, and potential failure.

Tools

A few basic tools will make the job easier:

Tool Purpose
Wire Strippers/Cutters To prepare the battery cables by removing the insulation and cutting them to the desired length.
Crimping Tool (if using ring terminals) To securely attach the ring terminals to the battery cables.
Wrench (if using nuts and bolts for connections) To tighten the nuts and bolts, ensuring a secure connection.
Multimeter (optional but recommended) To verify the voltage of each battery and the combined 24V output.
Safety Glasses and Gloves To protect your eyes and hands during the process.

Gathering these materials and tools upfront will help make connecting your 12V batteries to create a 24V system a smooth, efficient, and safe process.

Safety Precautions for Working with Batteries

Working with batteries, especially when connecting them together, can be hazardous if proper precautions aren’t taken. Lead-acid batteries, commonly used in 12V configurations, contain sulfuric acid, a highly corrosive substance. They also produce flammable hydrogen gas, particularly during charging. Therefore, safety should always be your top priority.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Before you even think about touching a battery, make sure you’re properly protected. This includes:

  • Eye Protection: Safety glasses or goggles are a must. Battery acid splashes can cause serious eye damage, and even minor exposure can be extremely painful. Look for ANSI Z87.1 rated eyewear for adequate protection.
  • Hand Protection: Acid-resistant gloves are essential. Choose gloves made of materials like nitrile or neoprene. Regular work gloves won’t provide sufficient protection against battery acid. Inspect your gloves for any holes or tears before use.
  • Clothing Protection: Wear long sleeves and pants made of a durable, non-flammable material. A lab coat or apron provides additional protection against acid splashes. Avoid synthetic fabrics that can melt or stick to the skin if exposed to acid.

Ventilation

Batteries release hydrogen gas, especially during charging. Hydrogen gas is highly flammable and can explode if it accumulates in a confined space. Ensure you work in a well-ventilated area. If working indoors, open windows and doors or use a fan to circulate the air. Never work with batteries near open flames or sources of ignition, like sparks or lit cigarettes. A dedicated battery charging area with a built-in ventilation system is ideal.

Handling Batteries Safely

Handling batteries requires care and attention to detail. Firstly, inspect the batteries before you begin. Look for cracks or leaks in the casing. If you notice any damage, do not attempt to connect the batteries. Dispose of damaged batteries properly according to local regulations. When lifting or moving batteries, always lift from the bottom, never from the terminals. Batteries can be heavy, so if necessary, use a battery carrier or get assistance. Avoid dropping or jarring the batteries as this can cause internal damage and leakage.

Furthermore, keep batteries away from metal tools and jewelry. Accidental contact between metal and both battery terminals can create a short circuit, generating a large amount of heat and potentially causing burns or even an explosion. When making connections, ensure the terminals are clean and free of corrosion. Use a wire brush or terminal cleaner to remove any build-up. Securely tighten the connections to prevent sparking and overheating. Finally, after connecting the batteries, double-check the polarity to ensure they are connected correctly in series for your 24V configuration. Incorrect connections can damage your equipment and create a dangerous situation.

Here’s a quick summary of safe handling practices:

Practice Description
Inspect for damage Check for cracks or leaks before handling.
Lift correctly Lift from the bottom, never the terminals.
Avoid metal contact Prevent accidental short circuits.
Clean terminals Ensure secure, corrosion-free connections.
Double-check polarity Confirm correct series connection for 24V.

Emergency Procedures

Knowing what to do in an emergency is crucial. In case of acid spills, neutralize the acid with baking soda or a commercially available acid neutralizer. Flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If acid contacts your eyes, immediately flush with water and seek medical attention. In the event of a fire involving batteries, use a Class C fire extinguisher, which is designed for electrical fires. Never use water on a battery fire. If you’re unsure about any aspect of battery safety, consult with a qualified professional. Safety should always be your primary concern.

Step-by-Step Guide: Connecting Batteries in Series for 24V

What you’ll need

Before we dive in, let’s gather our tools and materials. You’ll need two 12V batteries of the same type and capacity (Ah rating). Using mismatched batteries can lead to imbalances and reduced battery life. Also, grab some battery cables designed for the current your system will draw. Don’t skimp on cable quality – safety first! You’ll also need some ring terminals to ensure a solid connection, and a crimping tool to attach them securely to the cables. Finally, having a multimeter handy allows you to verify your connections and voltage.

Preparing the Batteries and Cables

First things first, make sure your batteries are fully charged. This ensures a balanced starting point and helps prevent issues down the line. Next, cut your battery cables to the appropriate lengths, leaving a bit extra to be safe. Remember, it’s always easier to trim a cable that’s too long than to add length later. Now, carefully strip the insulation from both ends of each cable, exposing just enough wire for the ring terminals. Use a wire stripper for this – it’s safer and more precise than a knife.

Attaching the Ring Terminals

Slide a ring terminal onto each exposed wire end. Make sure the wire is fully inserted into the terminal, then use the crimping tool to firmly secure the connection. A good crimp is essential for a reliable, low-resistance connection. Double-check each crimp visually and give it a gentle tug to ensure it’s solid. Now, you’ll need to connect ring terminals to the battery posts themselves.

Making the Series Connection

This is where we create the 24V magic. Take one of your cables and connect one of its ring terminals to the POSITIVE (+) terminal of the FIRST battery. Tighten the nut securely. Now, connect the other end of that SAME cable to the NEGATIVE (-) terminal of the SECOND battery. Again, tighten the nut down well. This connection links the two batteries. What you’ve done here is connected the positive of one battery to the negative of the other, effectively putting them in series, which adds their voltages together. Now, you’ll have one positive terminal remaining on the first battery and one negative terminal remaining on the second battery. These are your new 24V positive and negative connections. Do NOT connect these two terminals together directly - that creates a short circuit! These two open terminals are now your 24V output, ready to connect to your 24V device or system. Be extra careful when making this final connection to ensure proper polarity; connecting your load incorrectly can cause damage.

Here’s a handy table summarizing the connection:

Cable Connects to
Cable 1 - End 1 Positive (+) terminal of Battery 1
Cable 1 - End 2 Negative (-) terminal of Battery 2

After the connection is made, use your multimeter to verify that you have 24V across the open positive and negative terminals. Set the multimeter to DC voltage and touch the positive probe to the positive terminal and the negative probe to the negative terminal. You should see a reading close to 24V. If not, double-check your connections and ensure the batteries are properly charged.

Connecting Two 12V Batteries to Make 24V

Connecting two 12V batteries to achieve a 24V system is a fairly straightforward process, often used in applications requiring higher voltage, such as RVs, solar power systems, and off-grid setups. This configuration involves connecting the batteries in series. Let’s explore the process and some crucial considerations.

Wiring Diagram for a 24V Battery Bank

Connecting in series means linking the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the other. The remaining unconnected positive and negative terminals will then provide your 24V output.

*(Please note: Replace this placeholder with an actual diagram)*

Tools and Materials

You’ll need some basic tools and materials:

  • Two 12V batteries of similar type, age, and capacity
  • Battery cables (appropriately sized for the current draw of your system)
  • Battery terminals (ring or clamp-on style)
  • Wire cutter/stripper
  • Wrench (for tightening terminals)
  • Multimeter (for verifying voltage)

Step-by-Step Connection Guide

  1. Clean the battery terminals: Ensure the terminals are free of corrosion using a wire brush or battery terminal cleaner.
  2. Connect the positive (+) terminal of Battery 1 to the negative (-) terminal of Battery 2 using a battery cable.
  3. Connect your load’s positive (+) wire to the positive (+) terminal of Battery 2.
  4. Connect your load’s negative (-) wire to the negative (-) terminal of Battery 1.
  5. Double-check all connections are secure.
  6. Use a multimeter to verify you have a 24V output across the unconnected terminals.

Choosing the Right Cables and Connectors

Selecting the appropriate cables and connectors is vital for safety and performance. Using undersized cables can lead to overheating and voltage drop. Choose cables rated for the amperage demands of your system. Connectors should be securely fastened to the cable ends and compatible with your battery terminals.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Connecting Batteries

Improper battery connections can result in damage to your equipment, batteries, or even personal injury. Be particularly mindful of the following:

Reversed Polarity

Connecting the batteries with reversed polarity (positive to positive or negative to negative) creates a short circuit, potentially causing sparks, fire, and battery damage. Always double-check your connections before energizing the system.

Mixing Battery Types and Sizes

Connecting different battery types (e.g., AGM with flooded lead-acid) or significantly different capacities can lead to imbalances in charging and discharging, reducing battery lifespan and system efficiency. Ideally, use identical batteries from the same manufacturer and lot number if possible. This ensures consistent performance and longevity.

Loose Connections

Loose connections increase resistance, generating heat and reducing the efficiency of power transfer. Ensure all connections are tight and secure using the appropriate tools. Regularly inspect connections for signs of corrosion or loosening.

Inadequate Cable Size

Using undersized cables for your system’s amperage demands can cause excessive voltage drop and overheating. This can damage the cables and create a fire hazard. Consult a wiring chart to select the proper cable gauge based on the length of the cable run and the expected current draw.

Ignoring Safety Precautions

Always wear safety glasses and gloves when working with batteries. Keep batteries away from sparks and flames. Have a fire extinguisher readily available. Never touch both terminals simultaneously, particularly with metal tools or jewelry.

Incorrect Charging

A 24V battery bank requires a 24V charger. Using a 12V charger will not charge the batteries correctly and can damage them. Ensure your charging system is compatible with your 24V setup and follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Consider a dedicated charge controller designed for 24V systems for optimal performance and battery longevity.

Not Maintaining Batteries

Batteries, like any other component in a system, require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and prolong their lifespan. This is especially crucial in a 24V system, where imbalances between the two batteries can exacerbate issues. Regularly inspect batteries for signs of physical damage, leaks, or excessive corrosion. Keep the terminals clean and apply a protective coating to prevent corrosion. Monitor the electrolyte levels in flooded lead-acid batteries and top up with distilled water as needed. Equalization charging, which applies a controlled overcharge, can help balance the charge levels between the two batteries in a 24V system and prevent sulfation. Neglecting regular maintenance can lead to premature battery failure, reduced system efficiency, and potential safety hazards.

Safety Considerations

Working with electricity always involves some level of risk. Take necessary precautions, including wearing safety glasses and gloves, and ensure the area is well-ventilated. If unsure about any step, consult a qualified electrician.

Potential Problem Consequence Solution
Reversed Polarity Short Circuit, Fire Double-check connections
Loose Connections Heat, Inefficiency Tighten connections securely
Undersized Cables Overheating, Voltage Drop Use correctly sized cables

Troubleshooting Tips for 24V Battery Connections

Connecting two 12V batteries to achieve a 24V system is a common practice in various applications, from RVs and solar power systems to golf carts and electric vehicles. However, if not done correctly, it can lead to problems. This section provides troubleshooting tips to help you identify and resolve common issues.

No Voltage or Low Voltage Output

If your system isn’t delivering the expected 24V, several issues could be at play. First, double-check all connections. Loose or corroded terminals are a frequent culprit. Ensure the positive terminal of one battery is securely connected to the negative terminal of the other, and that the remaining positive and negative terminals are connected to your load or device. A multimeter is your best friend here; use it to check the voltage at each connection point. A significant voltage drop across a connection indicates a problem.

Batteries Discharge Quickly

If your 24V system drains rapidly, it could point to a few different problems. One possibility is a faulty load. A short circuit in the connected device or wiring can draw excessive current and quickly deplete your batteries. Disconnect the load and check the battery voltage; if the discharge rate slows significantly, the load is the likely culprit. Another possibility is using mismatched batteries. Ideally, you should use two identical batteries of the same age, type, and capacity. Mixing different battery types or using old and new batteries together can lead to imbalances and faster discharge rates. Finally, a parasitic drain could be the issue. This refers to a small but constant current draw from a device even when the system is “off.” This can range from a clock in a car stereo to a small light left on. Systematically disconnecting components can help pinpoint the source of a parasitic drain.

Overheating Batteries

Excessive heat in your batteries is a serious concern and often a symptom of a larger problem. Overcharging is a common cause. Make sure your charging system is correctly configured for a 24V battery bank and not still set for 12V. Overcharging forces too much current into the batteries, generating heat and potentially damaging them. A short circuit in the wiring or load can also cause overheating. The high current flow associated with a short creates significant heat. Inspect your wiring for any damage or exposed conductors that could be shorting out. Finally, ensure the batteries are adequately ventilated. Batteries generate some heat during normal operation, and if they’re enclosed in a tightly sealed compartment, this heat can build up, leading to overheating.

Sparkling or Arcing When Connecting Batteries

Seeing sparks when connecting your batteries is a sign of a significant current surge and should be investigated. This often happens when connecting a load to an already joined series connection. Always connect the batteries in series first, then connect the load to the combined 24V output. If you see sparking even without a load connected, there might be a short circuit somewhere in the wiring. Carefully inspect all cables and connections for any damage. If you are connecting large capacity batteries, a brief spark upon making the final series connection can sometimes occur due to the inherent resistance in the cables and terminals, but prolonged or excessive sparking is a warning sign.

Battery Imbalance

In a 24V system, both batteries should discharge and recharge at roughly the same rate. If one battery consistently has a lower voltage than the other, it indicates an imbalance. This often happens when using mismatched batteries or when one battery is older or damaged. A battery imbalance can reduce the overall lifespan of your battery bank. Regular testing of individual battery voltages can help you identify an imbalance early on. Using a dedicated battery balancer can help equalize the charge levels and prolong the life of your battery bank, especially in larger systems. It is essential to use two batteries of the same type, capacity, and age to minimize the risk of imbalance.

Fuse Blowing

A blown fuse is a safety mechanism indicating an overcurrent condition in your circuit. This is often caused by a short circuit in the wiring or a faulty load drawing excessive current. If a fuse blows repeatedly, don’t simply replace it with a higher amperage fuse; this is a dangerous practice that could lead to overheating and even fire. Instead, identify and fix the underlying cause of the overcurrent. Carefully check all wiring and connections for any damage, loose connections, or exposed conductors that could be causing a short. If the wiring appears intact, disconnect the load and see if the fuse still blows. If it doesn’t, the load is likely faulty.

Reverse Polarity

Connecting the batteries with reversed polarity (positive to positive or negative to negative) can cause significant damage. Double-check all connections before applying power. A simple mistake can lead to blown fuses, damaged electronics, and even battery explosions. Use a multimeter to confirm the polarity of each connection. The positive terminal of one battery should connect to the negative terminal of the other, with the remaining positive and negative terminals providing the 24V output.

Incorrect Wiring Configuration

While the series connection is standard for achieving 24V from two 12V batteries, sometimes an incorrect wiring configuration can cause issues. Ensure you are not accidentally connecting the batteries in parallel, which would still result in a 12V output. If you are aiming for higher capacity at 12V, parallel is correct, but for 24V, a series connection is necessary. Review diagrams and double-check your work. A simple mistake in wiring can lead to unexpected results and potentially damage your equipment.

Specific Component Failure Within the 24V System

Beyond the common issues mentioned above, problems can arise within specific components of your 24V system. These problems can be complex and may require more advanced troubleshooting methods. For instance, a faulty charge controller in a solar power system can lead to overcharging or undercharging of the batteries. Similarly, a malfunctioning inverter can cause unstable voltage output or even system shutdown. In these cases, isolating and testing individual components is crucial. Using a multimeter to check voltages and currents at various points in the circuit can help pinpoint the faulty component. Consulting the documentation for your specific equipment can provide further guidance on troubleshooting procedures. If you are unsure how to proceed, seeking advice from a qualified electrician or technician is always a good idea. They can diagnose the problem accurately and recommend the appropriate repair or replacement.

Problem Possible Cause Solution
No or low voltage Loose connections, corroded terminals, faulty batteries Check and tighten connections, clean terminals, test and replace batteries if necessary
Fast battery drain Short circuit, mismatched batteries, parasitic drain Check for shorts, use matching batteries, identify and eliminate parasitic drains
Overheating batteries Overcharging, short circuit, poor ventilation Verify charger settings, check for shorts, improve ventilation

Connecting Two 12V Batteries to Create a 24V System

Creating a 24V system from two 12V batteries is a straightforward process that involves connecting the batteries in series. This configuration effectively adds the voltages of the individual batteries. This is commonly required for applications such as powering certain electric motors, inverters, or other devices requiring a 24V DC source. Careful attention to polarity is crucial to avoid damage to the batteries and connected equipment.

The positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of the other battery. The remaining unconnected positive and negative terminals then become the positive and negative outputs of the combined 24V system. It’s essential to use appropriately sized cables and connectors rated for the current demands of the system to ensure safe and reliable operation. Furthermore, using batteries with similar capacities and ages is strongly recommended for optimal performance and lifespan of the battery bank.

People Also Ask - Connecting Two 12V Batteries for 24V

Can I connect any two 12V batteries together for 24V?

While technically any two 12V batteries can be connected in series for 24V, it’s strongly recommended to use batteries with similar characteristics. Ideally, they should be of the same type (e.g., AGM, lead-acid, lithium-ion), have the same capacity (Ah rating), and be of similar age and condition. Mismatched batteries can lead to imbalances during charging and discharging, potentially reducing overall performance and lifespan.

What gauge wire should I use?

The appropriate wire gauge depends on the current demands of the system. Higher current draw requires thicker wire to minimize voltage drop and prevent overheating. Consult a wire gauge chart or an electrical professional to determine the correct wire size for your specific application, taking into account the total length of the wire run.

What happens if I connect the batteries incorrectly?

Connecting the batteries in parallel instead of series (positive to positive, negative to negative) will result in a 12V output with increased capacity. However, reversing the polarity when connecting in series (positive to positive or negative to negative instead of positive to negative) can cause a short circuit, potentially damaging the batteries, cabling, and connected equipment. Always double-check the connections before energizing the system.

Do I need special connectors?

Using appropriate connectors is essential for a safe and reliable connection. Battery terminals are typically designed for specific types of connectors. Ensure compatibility and choose connectors rated for the current and voltage of your 24V system. Crimping or soldering connections is often preferred over simple clamping for a secure and long-lasting connection.

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